ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist: ISA-IEC-62443

Correct Answer: C

The ISASecure certification program is based on the ISA/IEC 62443 standards, which define four security levels (SL) for industrial automation and control systems (IACS). The security levels range from SL 1 to SL 4, with SL 1 being the lowest and SL 4 being the highest. Each security level represents a set of security requirements and countermeasures that can protect an IACS from a certain level of threat. The ISASecure certification program offers three types of product certifications: Component Security Assurance (CSA), IIoT Component Security Assurance (ICSA), and System Security Assurance (SSA). Each product certification has four security assurance levels (SAL) that correspond to the security levels defined in the ISA/IEC 62443 standards. The ISASecure certification program also offers two types of process certifications: Security Development Lifecycle Assurance (SDLA) and IACS Security Assurance (IACSSA). Each process certification has four certification levels that correspond to the security levels defined in the ISA/IEC 62443 standards. Therefore, the ISASecure certification program has four security levels for both product and process certifications. References: ISASecure - IEC 62443 Conformance Certification - Official Site1 Certifications - ISASecure2 ISA Security Compliance Institute3

Correct Answer: B

IPSec is a commonly used protocol for managing secure data transmission over a VPN. IPSec stands for Internet Protocol Security and it is a set of standards that define how to encrypt and authenticate data packets that travel between two or more devices over an IP network. IPSec can operate in two modes: transport mode and tunnel mode. In transport mode, IPSec only encrypts the payload of the IP packet, leaving the header intact. In tunnel mode, IPSec encrypts the entire IP packet and encapsulates it in a new IP header. Tunnel mode is more secure and more suitable for VPNs, as it can protect the original source and destination addresses of the IP packet from eavesdropping or spoofing. IPSec uses two main protocols to provide security services: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). AH provides data integrity and source authentication, but not confidentiality. ESP provides data integrity, source authentication, and confidentiality. IPSec also uses two protocols to establish and manage security associations (SAs), which are the parameters and keys used for encryption and authentication: Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP). IKE is a protocol that negotiates and exchanges cryptographic keys between two devices. ISAKMP is a protocol that defines the format and structure of the messages used for key exchange and SA management. References: ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2018, Section 4.2.3.7.1, VPN1 ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Section 4.2.3.7.1, VPN ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Study Guide, Section 5.3.2, VPN ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Exam Specification, Section 5.3.2, VPN

Correct Answer: C

According to the ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist resources, patches are software updates that fix bugs, vulnerabilities, or improve performance of a system. Patches are classified into three categories based on their urgency and impact: low, medium, and high. Low priority patches are those that have minimal or no impact on the system functionality or security, and can be applied at the next scheduled maintenance. Medium priority patches are those that have moderate impact on the system functionality or security, and should be applied within a reasonable time frame, such as three months. High priority patches are those that have significant or criticalimpact on the system functionality or security, and should be applied as soon as possible, preferably at the first unscheduled outage. Applying patches in a timely manner is a best practice for maintaining the security and reliability of an industrial automation and control system (IACS). References: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Study Guide, Section 4.3.2, Patch Management ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-1: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program, Clause 5.3.2.2, Patch management ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-3: System security requirements and security levels, Clause 4.3.3.6.2, Patch management