Correct Answer: B

https://research.com/careers/what-is-the-fourth-industrial-revolution Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a major role in the rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AI technologies are enabling the automation of many processes

that were previously carried out by humans or machines, which has greatly increased the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of these processes. Automation is one of the main contributions of AI to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as it has

greatly increased the productivity of businesses and industries, while reducing the cost of production and improving the quality of products.

References:

https://www.bcs.org/more/certifications/foundation-certificate-in-artificial-intelligence/

https://www.apmg-international.com/en-gb/courses/fourth-industrial-revolution/fourth-industrial-revolution-foundation-and-certification/

Correct Answer: D

Machine learning can be used to make robots autonomous by allowing them to learn from sensor data and plan how to carry out a task. This involves using algorithms to analyze data from sensors and use this data to make decisions and

take actions. By using machine learning, robots can learn from their environment and become more autonomous.

References:

[1] BCS Foundation Certificate In Artificial Intelligence Study Guide, "Robotics", p.98.

[2] APMG-International.com, "Foundations of Artificial Intelligence"

[3] EXIN.com, "Foundations of Artificial Intelligence"

Correct Answer: B

The term sustainability is broadly used to indicate programs, initiatives and actions aimed at the preservation of a particular resource. However, it actually refers to four distinct areas: human, social, economic and environmental ?known as the

four pillars of sustainability.

https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/sustainable- business/0/steps/78337#:~:text=However%2C%20it%20actually%20refers%20to,the%20fo ur%20pillars%20of%20sustainability.andtext=Human%20sustainability%20aims%20to%20m

aintain%20and%20improve%20the%20human%20capital%20in%20society. Sustainability focuses on these three core areas because they all have an impact on the environment and society. Social sustainability is concerned with the

relationships between people and how to create a society that is equitable and fair for all members. Economic sustainability focuses on the creation of a viable economic system that provides for the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental sustainability focuses on protecting natural resources, ecosystems and habitats, and minimizing the impact of human activities on the environment.

References: https://www.bcs.org/more/certifications/foundation-certificate-in-artificial-intelligence/

https://www.apmg-international.com/en-gb/courses/sustainability/sustainability-foundation-and-certification/

Correct Answer: D

Online learning is a type of machine learning that can be used when a large dataset is limited in computational resources or if the data is frequently changing. It allows the system to learn from new data as it is being presented, rather than having to re-train the entire dataset each time new data is added. This makes it more efficient and effective than batch learning, as it only needs to process the new data and not the entire dataset. Online learning is often used in applications such as fraud detection, where new data is constantly being added and needs to be analyzed quickly. For more information, please refer to the BCS Foundation Certificate In Artificial Intelligence Study Guide (https://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/bcs-foundation-certificate-in-artificial-intelligence-study-guide.pdf) or the EXIN Artificial Intelligence Foundation Certification (https://www.exin.com/en/exams/artificial-intelligence-foundation).

Correct Answer: C

https://www.techopedia.com/2/31564/watercooler/ada-lovelace-enchantress-of-numbers

Ada Lovelace was an English mathematician and writer who is widely credited as the pioneer of computer programming. In 1842, she wrote an article in which she outlined the fundamental principles of computing, making her the first person

to recognize the potential of computers and to describe algorithms that could be used to program them. Her work laid the basis for modern computing and is recognized as one of the most significant contributions to the field of computing.

References:

https://www.bcs.org/more/certifications/foundation-certificate-in-artificial-intelligence/

https://www.apmg-international.com/en-gb/courses/computing-and-programming/computing-and-programming-foundation-and-certification/

Correct Answer: C

An intelligent robot uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to perceive its environment, plan its actions and then act on them. This is sometimes referred to as the "sense, plan, act" cycle, and is at the heart of what makes a robot intelligent. By using

AI, robots can sense their environment, plan their actions accordingly and then act on them in order to complete their tasks.

For more information, please refer to the BCS Foundation Certificate in Artificial Intelligence Study Guide: https://www.bcs.org/category/18076/bcs-foundation-certificate-in-artificial-intelligence-study-guide.

Correct Answer: D

Weak Learner: Colloquially, a model that performs slightly better than a naive model.

More formally, the notion has been generalized to multi-class classification and has a different meaning beyond better than 50 percent accuracy. For binary classification, it is well known that the exact requirement for weak learners is to be

better than random guess. [...] Notice that requiring base learners to be better than random guess is too weak for multi-class problems, yet requiring better than 50% accuracy is too stringent.

-Page 46, Ensemble Methods, 2012.

It is based on formal computational learning theory that proposes a class of learning methods that possess weakly learnability, meaning that they perform better than random guessing. Weak learnability is proposed as a simplification of the

more desirable strong learnability, where a learnable achieved arbitrary good classification accuracy. A weaker model of learnability, called weak learnability, drops the requirement that the learner be able to achieve arbitrarily high accuracy; a

weak learning algorithm needs only output an hypothesis that performs slightly better (by an inverse polynomial) than random guessing.

-The Strength of Weak Learnability, 1990.

It is a useful concept as it is often used to describe the capabilities of contributing members of ensemble learning algorithms. For example, sometimes members of a bootstrap aggregation are referred to as weak learners as opposed to

strong, at least in the colloquial meaning of the term.

More specifically, weak learners are the basis for the boosting class of ensemble learning algorithms.

The term boosting refers to a family of algorithms that are able to convert weak learners to strong learners.

https://machinelearningmastery.com/strong-learners-vs-weak-learners-for-ensemble- learning/

The best technique to adopt when a weak learner's hypothesis accuracy is only slightly better than 50% is boosting. Boosting is an ensemble learning technique that combines multiple weak learners (i.e., models with a low accuracy) to create

a more powerful model. Boosting works by iteratively learning a series of weak learners, each of which is slightly better than random guessing. The output of each weak learner is then combined to form a more accurate model. Boosting is a

powerful technique that has been proven to improve the accuracy of a wide range of machine learning tasks. For more information, please see the BCS Foundation Certificate In Artificial Intelligence Study Guide or the resources listed above.

Correct Answer: D

The Waterfall approach is a sequential design process in which each phase of development must be completed before the next phase can begin. This means that once a phase is complete, it is difficult to go back and make changes, as any

changes made to the project could potentially affect all the other phases. As a result, the Waterfall approach can make it difficult to adapt to changing customer requirements or adjust to new technology. This can ultimately lead to the failed

delivery of an AI project.

References:

[1] BCS Foundation Certificate In Artificial Intelligence Study Guide, Page number 19

[2] APMG International, "What is a Waterfall Model?", https://apmg-international.com/en/blog/what-is-a-waterfall-model/

[3] EXIN, "What is the Waterfall Model?", https://www.exin.com/blog/what-is-the-waterfall-model/

Correct Answer: D

Performance Measure of Agent It is the criteria, which determines how successful an agent is.

Behavior of Agent It is the action that agent performs after any given sequence of percepts.

Percept It is agent's perceptual inputs at a given instance. Percept Sequence It is the history of all that an agent has perceived till date. Agent Function It is a map from the precept sequence to an action.

Agent Terminology

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/artificial_intelligence/artificial_intelligence_agents_and_environments.htm

An AI agent relies on its perceptual input, which is referred to as the agent's percept. This is the data that the agent collects through its sensors about its environment. The percept allows the agent to make decisions and take actions based on

its environment. The agent's percept is important for Artificial Intelligence systems to be able to operate effectively.

References:

[1] BCS Foundation Certificate In Artificial Intelligence Study Guide, "Reinforcement Learning", p.96-97.

[2] APMG-International.com, "Foundations of Artificial Intelligence"

[3] EXIN.com, "Foundations of Artificial Intelligence"

Correct Answer: C

One of the main advantages of a machine-based system is its ability to reliably and accurately undertake monotonous and repetitive tasks. This is especially useful for tasks that require a high level of accuracy and precision, such as data

entry or analysis. Machine-based systems are also able to process large amounts of data quickly, meaning that they are able to complete tasks more quickly and efficiently than humans. Additionally, machine-based systems can be

programmed to take certain decisions and actions based on the input data, allowing them to automate certain processes without the need for human intervention.

References:

BCS Foundation Certificate In Artificial Intelligence Study Guide (2019), AI Systems, Chapter 8. https://www.apmg-international.com/en/al-adoption/advantages-of-al/